With less than two months until the presidential election, the policy platforms for President Donald Trump and Vice President Kamala Harris are gradually forming. Through speeches and debates, each candidate is laying out what they stand for and how they would change existing policies. For investors, perhaps the most scrutinized area is taxes, and there are concerns over how changes to tax rates could impact both Wall Street and Main Street. How can investors maintain perspective as we approach November 5?
It’s important to maintain perspective this election season
Tax policy is an extremely complex subject, so it’s always important to work with a trusted advisor. In addition, both candidates’ platforms are still subject to change despite the short timeline until election day. While it’s impossible to cover all the details here, many of the key differences on taxes between the candidates and their parties come down to
the future of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act
(TCJA).
Before discussing the details, it’s important to maintain perspective around tax policy since these issues can be politically heated. Taxes are intertwined with politics and reflect our polarized political climate. Regardless of which
side of the aisle we might be on and what our personal preferences may be, it’s important to stay objective so we can clearly focus on our financial goals.
While taxes have a direct impact on households and companies, they do not always have a straightforward effect on the overall economy and stock market. This is because taxes are only one of the factors that influence growth and returns, there are many deductions, credits, and strategies that can reduce the statutory tax rate, and spending and investment patterns often adjust to work around taxes. In other words, lower taxes do not automatically result in an economic boom and higher tax rates do not necessarily result in a crash.
Additionally, election rhetoric and actual policies can be quite different. Candidates often make
promises based on their political leanings that may not fully materialize once in office. Even once a
candidate is elected, Congressional partnership and approval is still required to pass new tax laws.
Historically, the president’s party tends to lose seats in Congress in their second term, and their
approval rating tends to decline. This process can alter or water down initial proposals.
For example, during the 2016 presidential campaign, President Trump promised a complete
overhaul of the tax system. While the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act was a significant change to the tax
code, it also retained many existing elements. Similarly, President Biden criticized the TCJA during
the 2020 election cycle and discussed raising taxes on high income earners and corporations.
While the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 did impose a 15% minimum corporate tax rate, this is far
from the sweeping changes discussed during the election.
The future of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act and national debt is uncertain
The truth is that tax rates have been quite
low by historical standards for decades.
Even if there are no changes in the next
presidential term, with the federal debt
continuing to expand, many economists
worry that taxes will have to rise to close
the gap in the future.
The TCJA took effect in 2018 and included
reducing individual income tax rates with
the highest rate declining from 39.6% to
37%, nearly doubling the standard
deduction, dropping the corporate tax rate
from 35% to 21%, and implementing a
territorial tax system for corporations. The
TCJA also lowered estate taxes, eliminated
personal exemptions, and adjusted several
other deductions and credits.
As discussed above, the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 introduced a 15% minimum tax on large
corporations with annual profits over $1 billion. It also implemented a 1% excise tax on stock
buybacks for publicly traded companies.
Unless action is taken by the president and Congress, many provisions of the TCJA will expire for
the 2026 tax season, creating a so-called “tax cliff.” This makes taxes especially contentious this
election season. Here are some of the items the candidates are discussing:
- Trump proposes cutting corporate taxes further from 21% to 15% for some companies, including manufacturers who make their products domestically. Harris is in favor of increasing Powered by Clearnomics 2 the corporate tax rate to 28%, in line with President Biden’s position.
- Trump has discussed extending the TCJA’s individual tax rates, but specifics are still unclear. Harris supports allowing the top marginal rate to revert to 39.6%.
- Harris proposes raising the capital gains rate from 20% to 28%. Along with an increase in the “net investment income tax” introduced with the Affordable Care Act, the top capital gains rate would rise to 33%, the highest since 1978.
- Both candidates propose new enhanced child tax credits and not taxing tips. Trump has discussed eliminating taxes on Social Security for seniors.
- Harris proposes expanding the startup expense deduction from $5,000 to $50,000 and $25,000 in support of first-time homebuyers making down payments.
- Harris proposes a new tax on unrealized capital gains for those worth $100 million or more. Such a tax would be historic. The recent Moore v. United States case in the Supreme Court loosely touched on this by allowing a provision in the TCJA that imposed a one-time tax on unrepatriated foreign earnings
The economy has grown under both parties
Unfortunately, the annual budget deficit
remains high and the national debt is likely
to grow regardless of who occupies the
White House. While studies on the matter
differ and should be taken with a grain of
salt, many suggest that either candidate
would add trillions to the debt in the
coming years.
However, it’s also the case that the
economy has grown over history under
both political parties. As discussed earlier,
it’s important to remember that who
occupies the White House is not the most
important factor for the economy and
markets, regardless of how counterintuitive
that may seem. Policy changes tend to be
gradual due to checks and balances in our political system.
Perhaps more importantly, neither
candidate is proposing a return to pre-Reagan era tax levels when the top marginal rates reached
as high as 94%.
So, while taxes do play an important role in financial plans, they do not necessarily impact
investment portfolios and economic growth the way some might imagine. Investors should
continue to work with a trusted advisor and focus on their long-term goals this election season. By
maintaining a balanced perspective and avoiding politically driven decisions, investors can better
position themselves for success across the evolving political landscape.
The bottom line? As the election season heats up, it’s important for investors to
maintain perspective amid heightened political rhetoric and divergent economic
proposals from the candidates. While Trump and Harris may propose changes to the tax
code, it’s important to maintain objectivity when crafting financial plans.
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